ASSESSING LONG-TERM SAFETY AND TOXICITY OF NANOPARTICLE-BASED ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES FOR BIOFILM TREATMENT

Abstract

This article thoroughly examines the significance of biofilms concerning microbial resistance and the challenges they create for infection control. Structured communities of microorganisms, known as biofilms, are shielded from host immune responses and antimicrobial agents by an extracellular matrix that they produce themselves. Their formation and persistence are linked to increased pathogenicity, especially in chronic infections involving tissues and medical equipment. One promising strategy to combat biofilms involves developing nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticles like polymer-based nanomaterials, silver, and gold. Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties that enable them to penetrate biofilms and disrupt microbial communication, thereby enhancing antimicrobial effectiveness. However, concerns about the toxicity of nanoparticles and their environmental impact remain. This paper discusses the mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity to ensure their safe use in biomedical applications. Future research should focus on creating sustainable methods, optimizing particle size and surface features, and thoroughly evaluating the biocompatibility of nanoparticles. Managing biofilm-associated infections could be improved by combining nanotechnology with traditional antimicrobial approaches, although the clinical implementation of these advances still depends on safety and toxicity evaluations.