Climate Change-Induced Flooding and Its Impact on Agricultural Productivity: Strategies Toward Achieving SDG 2 (Zero Hunger)

Abstract

Climate change is speeding up the frequency of extreme weather, and flooding has become one of the most harmful threats to agriculture and global food security. When farmlands flood, crops are destroyed, transportation routes are blocked, and soil nutrients are washed away, all of which decrease productivity and cause economic difficulties. Evidence from various regions emphasizes the severity of the problem. For example, major floods in rural Afghanistan have caused significant drops in household food security, while repeated flooding in Nigeria has damaged farm infrastructure, eroded fertile topsoil, and led to higher food prices. Worldwide, estimated yield losses from flood events are about 4% for soybeans, 3% for rice, 2% for wheat, and 1% for maize, resulting in substantial financial losses. To maintain food production amid worsening climate pressures, farming communities must improve their resilience. Climate-smart practices like better water management and flood-tolerant crop varieties can help reduce risks. Microbial and biotechnological innovations further support this by improving plant growth in waterlogged conditions. Investments in rural roads, storage facilities, and market access are crucial for reducing disruptions. Additionally, better flood prediction tools and strong policy support can help farmers adapt faster. Collectively, these strategies will be essential for achieving Zero Hunger and safeguarding global food security in a changing climate.